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<title><![CDATA[中国法制史]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/index.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[       惟此独立之精神，自由之思想，历千万祀，与天壤而同久，共三光而永光！]]></description> 
<dc:language>zh-cn</dc:language> 
<dc:creator>杨明ymsos</dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-03-30T22:22:36Z</dc:date> 
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<title><![CDATA[（转）汉字简化过程中的十大错误（作者不详）]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6673184.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、失去了表音功能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字原来是形声字，简化后失去了表音功能，而这正是汉字有别于其他文化的特点。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">際</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（际）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">價</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（价）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">標</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（标）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（仅）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（欢）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">隊</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（队）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">屬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（属）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">劉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（刘）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">燭</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（烛）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">敵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（敌）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、无理简化，莫名其妙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字的部首被毫无道理地用“又”字和叉代替，使优美的汉字变得不伦不类，莫名其妙。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鳳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凤）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">風</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（风）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">漢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（汉）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（仅）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">難</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（难）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">權</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（权）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（欢）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">聖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（圣）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">對</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（对）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">樹</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（树）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三、割裂了整个汉字体系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字是自成体系的，常用字简化后割裂了与非常用字的联系，致使从小学简化字的人一辈子也记不住一些使用频率较低的字。如：会写 “扑（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">撲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 不会写 “璞”和“蹼”，会写 “还（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">還</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”和“环（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">環</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”不会写</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> “寰”和“鬟”。其他还有：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">仅（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）谨瑾盘（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">盤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）磐牺（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">犧</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）曦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">彻（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">徹</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）澈撤蜡（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蠟</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）猎（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">獵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）鬣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歼（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">殲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）纤（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">纖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）谶伤（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">傷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）殇（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">殤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）觞（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">觴</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">声（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">聲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）馨磬罄梦（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">夢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）懵甍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四、形体笔画比较丑陋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字原来是非常方正美观的，简化以后字形变得极为难看。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">讠（言）钅（金）车（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">車</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）龙（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">龍</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）汉（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">漢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刘（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">劉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）华（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">華</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）长（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">長</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）拣（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">揀</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）东（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">東</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">五、合并偏旁，字不达意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">像“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">貓</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（猫”）和“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">豬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（猪）”简化以后都成了狗类了，实在是太滑稽了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">六、同音字合并，字义混乱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉字本来是有精确分工的，非要人为地让一个字去承担本不该它应该具有的含义。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">后：前后皇后原本为前後皇后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发：发现头发原本为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">發現頭髮<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">面：面部面粉原本为面部</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">麵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">板：木板老板原本为木板老</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">闆<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">七、毫无道理地将汉字进行切割，音形皆损</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">掛</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（挂）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蠍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蝎<span lang="EN-US">) </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">槨</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（椁）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">櫬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（榇）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">八、简化后出现表音错误</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鄰</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（邻）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">賓</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（宾）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">韵母本是<span lang="EN-US">in</span>，但简化字是用韵母为<span lang="EN-US">ing</span>的字作偏旁，容易让人读错。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">九、有些字笔画本不多，完全没必要简化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">減</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（减）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">涼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凉）於（于）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">時</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（时）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">國</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（国）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">十、使汉字的可识别性大大降低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉字简化以後，使原来差别很大的字变得非常相像，导致经常被人搞错。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鳳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凤）和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">風</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（风）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">厲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（厉）和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（历）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">特别是“凤”和“风”，经常出现姓名中的“凤”和“风”，简体的两个字一旦稍微写潦草，就容易让人分辨不清。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p>]]></description> 
<dc:subject><![CDATA[参考文章]]></dc:subject> 
<dc:creator><![CDATA[杨明ymsos]]></dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-03-30T22:22:34Z</dc:date> 
</item> 
<item rdf:about="http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6673182.html"> 
<title><![CDATA[（转）汉字简化过程中的十大错误（作者不详）]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6673182.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、失去了表音功能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字原来是形声字，简化后失去了表音功能，而这正是汉字有别于其他文化的特点。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">際</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（际）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">價</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（价）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">標</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（标）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（仅）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（欢）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">隊</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（队）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">屬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（属）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">劉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（刘）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">燭</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（烛）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">敵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（敌）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、无理简化，莫名其妙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字的部首被毫无道理地用“又”字和叉代替，使优美的汉字变得不伦不类，莫名其妙。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鳳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凤）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">風</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（风）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">漢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（汉）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（仅）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">難</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（难）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">權</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（权）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（欢）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">聖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（圣）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">對</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（对）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">樹</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（树）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三、割裂了整个汉字体系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字是自成体系的，常用字简化后割裂了与非常用字的联系，致使从小学简化字的人一辈子也记不住一些使用频率较低的字。如：会写 “扑（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">撲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 不会写 “璞”和“蹼”，会写 “还（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">還</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”和“环（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">環</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）”不会写</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> “寰”和“鬟”。其他还有：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">仅（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">僅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）谨瑾盘（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">盤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）磐牺（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">犧</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）曦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">彻（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">徹</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）澈撤蜡（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蠟</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）猎（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">獵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）鬣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歼（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">殲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）纤（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">纖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）谶伤（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">傷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）殇（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">殤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）觞（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">觴</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">声（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">聲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）馨磬罄梦（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">夢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）懵甍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四、形体笔画比较丑陋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多汉字原来是非常方正美观的，简化以后字形变得极为难看。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">讠（言）钅（金）车（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">車</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）龙（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">龍</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）汉（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">漢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刘（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">劉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）华（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">華</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）长（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">長</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）拣（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">揀</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）东（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">東</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">五、合并偏旁，字不达意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">像“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">貓</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（猫”）和“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">豬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（猪）”简化以后都成了狗类了，实在是太滑稽了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">六、同音字合并，字义混乱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉字本来是有精确分工的，非要人为地让一个字去承担本不该它应该具有的含义。如：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">后：前后皇后原本为前後皇后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发：发现头发原本为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">發現頭髮<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">面：面部面粉原本为面部</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">麵</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">板：木板老板原本为木板老</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">闆<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">七、毫无道理地将汉字进行切割，音形皆损</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">掛</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（挂）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蠍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蝎<span lang="EN-US">) </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">槨</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（椁）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">櫬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（榇）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">八、简化后出现表音错误</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鄰</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（邻）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">賓</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（宾）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">韵母本是<span lang="EN-US">in</span>，但简化字是用韵母为<span lang="EN-US">ing</span>的字作偏旁，容易让人读错。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p>&amp;nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">九、有些字笔画本不多，完全没必要简化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">減</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（减）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">涼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凉）於（于）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">時</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（时）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">國</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（国）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">&amp;nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">十、使汉字的可识别性大大降低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汉字简化以後，使原来差别很大的字变得非常相像，导致经常被人搞错。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鳳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（凤）和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">風</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（风）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">厲</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（厉）和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">歷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（历）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">特别是“凤”和“风”，经常出现姓名中的“凤”和“风”，简体的两个字一旦稍微写潦草，就容易让人分辨不清。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p /></span></p>]]></description> 
<dc:subject><![CDATA[参考文章]]></dc:subject> 
<dc:creator><![CDATA[杨明ymsos]]></dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-03-30T22:19:49Z</dc:date> 
</item> 
<item rdf:about="http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6656596.html"> 
<title><![CDATA[沉痛悼念滋贺秀三教授 ]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6656596.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[<p>2008/02/26-16:33 滋賀秀三氏死去（東京大名誉教授）<br /><br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;滋賀　秀三氏（しが&amp;#12539;しゅうぞう＝東京大名誉教授&amp;#12539;東洋法制史）２５日午前１１時４２分、肺気腫のため自宅で死去、８６歳。福井市出身。葬儀&amp;#12539;告別式は２８日午前１１時から神奈川県鎌倉市小町２の１４の４の鎌倉カトリック雪ノ下教会で。喪主は長男正樹（まさき）氏。</p><div>先生简介（《中国家族法原理》，法律出版社2003年版）：</div><div>1921年5月1日生于山口县</div><div>1941年3-4月考入东京帝国大学法学部法律学科</div><div>1943年10月被录取为东京帝国大学大学院特别研究生，在法学部攻读东洋法制史</div><div>1948年9月被聘为东京大学法学部助教授</div><div>1959年4月升教授</div><div>1962年3月以论文《中国家族法原理》获得法学博士学位</div><div>1969年5月以著作《中国家族法原理》获得日本学士院赏</div><div>1982年4月自东京大学退休，5月获赠东京大学名誉教授之称</div><div>1982年9月受聘为千叶大学法经部教授</div><div>1987年3月退休</div><div>2008年2月25日逝世</div><p /><p />]]></description> 
<dc:subject><![CDATA[教学随笔]]></dc:subject> 
<dc:creator><![CDATA[杨明ymsos]]></dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-03-11T22:45:41Z</dc:date> 
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<item rdf:about="http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6654990.html"> 
<title><![CDATA[中国不存在奴隶社会]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6654990.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 按：本文是阅读张广志《中国古史分期讨论的回顾与反思》（陕西师大出版社2003版）的读书笔记。笔记侧重于中国有无奴隶社会的争论上。对于封建社会的问题，我前面的《&amp;lt;封建考论&amp;gt;读书笔记》已经有了讨论。至于具体分析中国有无奴隶社会，也即三代社会形态的读书笔记，我拟在以后贴出。<div><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span>&amp;nbsp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国有没有存在过奴隶社会？这是个问题。上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代末开始，众多学者就中国古代社会史及古史分期问题展开了非常激烈的讨论，当然，这种讨论到了</span><span lang="EN-US">49</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“定一尊”之后便戛然而止了。直到</span><span lang="EN-US">1980</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代，方有所松动，但是某些红色“学者”们，依然动辄以大帽子来压制学术性质的研究。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1927</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年到</span><span lang="EN-US">1937</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年是论争的第一个阶段：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的论争的出现与马克思主义在中国的传播是分不开关系的，正是一批接受了马克思主义学说的学者试图以马克思理论来分析中国古代社会，从而引发了论战。这里需要说明的是，中国此时接受的马克思主义乃是来自于苏联的二手货，是被苏联一批革命家和政治家改造过的马克思主义，很多马恩的基本观点如亚细亚生产方式，已经被曲解了，五阶段的人类社会发展理论已经开始崭露头角。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先看看主张中国有奴隶社会的人有哪些：第一当然是文痞大佬<span style="COLOR: red">郭沫若</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US">1929</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年出版的《中国古代社会研究》一书，将西周之前称为原始公社制，西周为奴隶制，春秋后为封建制。后来的版本中，他把中国的奴隶社会正式定在了夏商和西周。该书中，郭氏自称是恩格斯《家庭、私有制与国家的起源》的中国版，要以辩证唯物论来研究中国古史。此书一出，顿遭托派、新生命派诸路好汉围攻。暂按下不表。</span><span lang="EN-US">1933</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以后，郭氏的支持者开始助阵。先是吕振羽，在其著作中，他宣称奴隶制度并不限于希腊和罗马，而是一般存在的。他认为商朝是“亚细亚类型的奴隶制度”，并认为西周已是封建社会。继而是<span style="COLOR: red">翦伯赞</span>和<span style="COLOR: red">邓拓</span>。邓拓认为中国殷商时代是奴隶制度高度发展的时期，而西周社会生产不是以奴隶劳动为主，故而不是奴隶社会。除了上面几个马克思主义史学家，也有其他派别的人物赞成中国存在奴隶社会。如托派的<span style="COLOR: red">王宜昌</span>，他将周秦汉西晋认定为奴隶社会。新生命派领袖<span style="COLOR: red">陶希圣</span>观点混乱，早期反对奴隶社会的存在，后来他则认为中国社会发展同于欧洲，存在奴隶社会。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再看看反对派。新生命派的<span style="COLOR: red">梅思平</span>认为炎黄之前为氏族社会，炎黄之后到清末为封建社会。托派的<span style="COLOR: red">李季</span>认为中国是马克思所说的亚细亚生产方式，不同于西欧的奴隶制。他说郭沫若硬对中国社会削足适履，套进马克思的公式里。并说，存在奴隶并不能得出存在奴隶社会的结论。托派<span style="COLOR: red">李麦麦</span>认为郭沫若幼稚地用错误堆砌成了他的理论，强烈抨击郭把商周的农夫、庶民都归于奴隶的结论。托派<span style="COLOR: red">陈邦国</span>认为，按照马克思的理论，氏族解体后，希腊罗马经由奴隶社会进入封建社会，而其他广大地区则直接进入封建社会。托派<span style="COLOR: red">丁迪豪</span>认为，马恩从来没有主张过任何社会的发展，非经过奴隶制度的阶段不可。史实证明只有少数地区经历过奴隶社会。托派<span style="COLOR: red">胡秋原</span>认为，希腊罗马也是先经过了一个短暂的封建阶段，才又进入奴隶社会的，这是历史的反动。中共曾经的领袖，后来被诬为所谓托陈取消派头子的<personname w:st="on" productid="陈独秀"><span style="COLOR: red">陈独秀</span></personname>先生也认为中国是由亚细亚生产制入封建的，不存在一个奴隶制阶段。曾任毛秘书的中共理论家<span style="COLOR: red">陈伯达</span>也认为没有证据证明中国曾由氏族社会转化为奴隶社会。中国乃是从氏族社会直接进入了封建社会。赞成郭结论的<span style="COLOR: red">何干之</span>也对郭的研究方法进行了指摘，他认为郭的错误在于公式主义，把唯物史观的公式往古代资料上套。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1937</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年到</span><span lang="EN-US">1949</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年是论争的第二个阶段：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个阶段里，苏联斯大林理论对中国的影响越来越强烈。在苏联，将亚细亚生产方式认为是奴隶制的学说成为了唯一正确的理论。</span><span lang="EN-US">1938</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，斯大林正式提出著名的“五种生产方式”演进的理论。相背理论研究在苏联已经成了禁区。路线和理论上紧跟苏联的中共理论家们自然不再有其他的观点。新生命派以陶希圣为首投靠了汪伪，托派人物也各自投靠不同主子寻找出路，论战于是也不再有了。吕振羽、翦伯赞都认为亚细亚生产方式是奴隶制的一个变种。<span style="COLOR: red">吕振羽</span>把殷商认为是亚细亚类型的奴隶制国家。<span style="COLOR: red">翦伯赞</span>认为殷商时农业畜牧业手工业中，奴隶都是生产劳动主要的担当者。<span style="COLOR: red">范文澜</span>亦断定殷商属于奴隶社会。<span style="COLOR: red">郭沫若</span>自觉修正了自己的观点，开始把商朝认为是奴隶社会。<span style="COLOR: red">侯外庐</span>则坚持郭沫若此前的观点，商是氏族社会末期，周才进入奴隶社会。总之，一切和谐，大家和和气气，不争不吵。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">反对论者<span style="COLOR: red">胡厚宣</span>，著名甲骨文专家，他从史料出发，论证了殷商不是奴隶制社会。批评郭沫若等为与西洋奴隶社会比附，不惜对史料妄解曲说。郭等引用的诸多证明奴隶存在的甲骨文其实与奴隶并不相关。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1949</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年到</span><span lang="EN-US">1978</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，这段时期，学术已经不复存在了，一切为了政治。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其实或许学者们也很矛盾，一方面，他们信奉苏联的理论，认为中国必然要有奴隶社会，另一方面，史实又证明，中国和希腊罗马这样的奴隶社会是不同的。怎么办？理论上认定中国存在奴隶社会，实践上指出中国的奴隶社会是具有中国特色的奴隶社会。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们首先要对“奴隶”和“奴隶社会”进行界定。奴隶者，无独立之人格，无独立之经济地位，为奴隶主所完全占有，形同财物。<span style="COLOR: red">范文澜、翦伯赞</span>都持此观点，这也是马恩的基本观点。可到了<span style="COLOR: red">郭沫若</span>这里，他却认为奴隶和农奴（农奴人格是独立或半独立的，有自己的生产资料）是几乎一样的，交租服役的农夫在他这里都变成了奴隶。因为他也知道，中国古代确实没有严格意义上的从事农业生产的奴隶。奴隶社会者，自然是奴隶制生产关系占主导地位，奴隶是社会生产的主要担当者的社会。就中国情况而言，苏联学者认为古代东方的奴隶的数目是很少的。那很少奴隶的中国是否是奴隶社会？苏联人说，中国是奴隶社会的原始阶段，不必考虑奴隶数量问题，也不必深究奴隶是否是社会生产的主要承担者。国内学者也就附和说，“中国存在奴隶社会是一个原则性问题”，尽管奴隶不多，奴隶不是主要生产者（<span style="COLOR: red">杨向奎</span>）（看到这里我很悲哀，因为<personname w:st="on" productid="杨向奎">杨向奎</personname>先生是我所敬重的学者之一）。“根据斯大林指示来看，除了周代缺少了正常的奴隶生产者之外，也还是完全符合奴隶社会的标准的。”（<span style="COLOR: red">吴大琨</span>）看到这样的言论时，我无语。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1957</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，终于出现了微弱的反对声音，这是一个“知识分子的早春天气”，著名历史学家<span style="COLOR: red">雷海宗</span>先生撰文指出，历史上的奴隶制国家只是人类发展史中的一个例外情况，即使在希腊，也不是普遍存在奴隶制，只有雅典等少数工商业城邦为特例，罗马则是不同于雅典的土地奴隶制，也是仅见的一例。因此世界历史上没有一个奴隶社会的阶段。<span style="COLOR: red">李鸿哲</span>则认为五阶段理论不是马克思的学说，奴隶社会说违背了历史唯物主义，是教条主义，而这一教条是由苏联的斯特鲁威和中国的郭沫若发展起来的。早春天气迅速过去，引蛇出洞之后是大规模的践踏真理。二人之后戴上了右派帽子，雷海宗先生几年后在极度抑郁中去世。痛哉！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1978</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，禁区开始有所松动，众多历史学家开始回复到正常的研究轨道上。中国有无奴隶社会问题也被重新提出。十余年后，奴隶社会不是人类社会的必经阶段的学说已经在学术界得到很多人的认可。这一问题也经常和亚细亚生产方式问题联系在一起。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黄观璠</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为，奴隶制与奴隶社会不能混为一谈，说商周是奴隶社会的史料不足，商代的奴隶多家奴，不从事生产活动。<span style="COLOR: red">张广志</span>认为，奴隶制在世界很多地区存在，但仅在地中海一带获得充分发展而构成奴隶社会。以奴隶社会为人类社会发展的必然阶段的理论是典型的以偏概全的西欧中心论。晁福林认为夏商为氏族封建制社会，西周是宗法封建制社会。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回顾了八十年来的争论，可以得出这样的结论：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、马恩没有把奴隶社会当作是人类社会发展的必然阶段。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、社会发展五阶段理论是斯大林及苏联御用学者提出的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、中国夏商周（如果夏朝真实存在的话）不是奴隶社会。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、理由在于中国的夏商周不存在大规模的奴隶生产，奴隶数量也不多。（详细的论证过于专业，我这里不再赘述了，只取结论）</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、从前郭沫若等学者在论述中国存在奴隶社会时，对某些甲骨文材料释读错误，或曲解了材料，或没有使用对其理论不利的材料。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、为了所谓的政治正确而不顾事实，对学术的损害有目共睹。学术独立，这是必须坚持的底线。</span></p></div>]]></description> 
<dc:subject><![CDATA[往事近事]]></dc:subject> 
<dc:creator><![CDATA[杨明ymsos]]></dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-03-09T22:47:30Z</dc:date> 
</item> 
<item rdf:about="http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6640360.html"> 
<title><![CDATA[推荐几本近代史的书]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6640360.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 寒假里一直在看近代史的书，为这个学期全面涉足近代法制史，尤其是宪政史做准备。相对于古代史，我们对于近代史的误读更多。历史在近代真的是一个任人打扮的小姑娘了。看待近代历史，第一要务就是要把历史与政治分离开，抱着一种政治眼光看近代史，往往就会不顾事实真相而任意评说了。<br />例如，关于鸦片战争，如果从政治的角度，就只看得到爱国和投降，侵略与抵抗，不再会去思考深层次的原因，不会再去反思了。这个问题，以后我会写读书笔记来说明。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 先推荐几本近代史的书吧，这里可能有和我们所熟知的不同的历史真相：<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 茅海建《天朝的崩溃——鸦片战争再研究》，三联书店出版，非常好看，但看过之后亦是心情异常沉重；<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 田涛、李祝环《接触与碰撞——16世纪以来西方人眼中的中国法律》，北大出版社。看看中华帝国的法律在外国人看来是个什么样子的。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 何伟亚《怀柔远人——马嘎尔尼使华的中英礼仪冲突》，社会科学文献出版社。1795年，中国失去了一个和刚崛起的英帝国平等交往的机会，责任在谁？<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 柯文《历史三调——作为事件、经历和神话的义和团》，江苏人民出版社；周锡瑞《义和团运动的起源》，江苏人民出版社。对义和团运动的评价一直是近代史研究中的一个焦点，到底义和团是可歌可泣的抗击外来侵略的英勇斗争？还是使中国陷入更深的苦难的盲目排外运动？<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 唐德刚《袁氏当国》，广西师范大学出版社。关于唐德刚的书，最著名的当然是十年前岳麓书社出的《晚清七十年》，虽然删减无数，任然难逃被禁命运，有兴趣者不妨在网上搜索下载台湾远流出版社出版的全本的电子版本。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 雷颐《李鸿章与晚清四十年》，这本书刚出版，我也才买到，还没有来得及看，但我一直对雷老师非常推崇，他的作品应当值得一看。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 徐中约《中国近代史》，刚出了大陆版，不出所料，仍然是阉割版。当然看看也会收获挺多，如果要睹全貌，网上有港版的下载。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 张朋园的《立宪派与辛亥革命》，吉林出版公司。张氏系列的书还没有出完，值得持续关注。<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 暂时是这些吧，其他的书，我会陆续以专题来推荐。]]></description> 
<dc:subject><![CDATA[参考书目]]></dc:subject> 
<dc:creator><![CDATA[杨明ymsos]]></dc:creator> 
<dc:date>2008-02-29T21:59:07Z</dc:date> 
</item> 
<item rdf:about="http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6442305.html"> 
<title><![CDATA[2007年司法考试中国法制史考前预测及考点分析（二）]]></title> 
<link>http://legalhistory.bokee.com/6442305.html</link> 
<description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">第二节</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">唐宋至明清时期的法制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">（</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">04</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">年多选一题为唐宋法制的综合，涉及法典、刑罚原则和司法机构）</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">一、永徽律疏与中华法系</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">永徽律疏即《唐律疏议》，为中华法系的代表法典。<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red">（</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">03</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">年多选题）</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">二、十恶</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十恶为十种罪大恶极的侵犯皇权尊严和家庭伦理及社会秩序的犯罪，为北齐时首先出现，隋朝时正式确立。十恶不能赦免。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">这个是</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red"><font face="Times New Roman">07</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">年的重点了，沿革要记住，而且，十恶保障的是什么也要记住。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red"> </span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">三、六杀</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 5.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: .5"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">六杀最早规定于唐律，为杀人犯罪的六种形态，注意区分人的主观动机，处刑不同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 5.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: .5"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">分为：谋杀、故杀、斗杀、戏杀、误杀和过失杀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">四、六赃</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">六种涉及非法取得财产的犯罪，也是首先规定于唐律。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">即：强盗赃、窃盗赃、受财枉法赃、受财不枉法赃、受所监临财物赃、坐赃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">五、保辜</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&amp;nbsp; </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"></span></b></font></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">一种很有意思的制度，最早产生于何时尚不可考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">指伤害行为发生后，规定一定的期限，期限满后，根据被害人的伤势及死亡与否确定加害人所应承担的刑事责任。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">预测</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red"><font face="Times New Roman">07</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">年考的可能性</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red"><font face="Times New Roman">90%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&amp;nbsp; </span></font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">会以案例的形式出现，大约就是问某人打伤某人了，然后县令之类的官员是怎么怎么判的，然后问做法对不对，或者问应该怎么判。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red"> </span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">六、五刑与刑罚原则</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、公罪与私罪</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">唐代关于官吏犯罪的一个原则，公罪是执行职务时因过失导致的犯罪，私罪是官吏的非职务犯罪，或执行职务时徇私情导致的犯罪。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">公罪的处罚要轻，而且可以在抵当刑期时多于私罪。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、自首</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">唐代关于自首的规定很详尽，基本原则是自首可以减免刑罚，但必须在犯罪被官府或他人察觉前，而且必须如数退还赃物，而且必须如实交待，而且人身伤害等犯罪不适用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、类推</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">唐律的规定。在法无明文规定的情况下，可以使用相近似条文进行判案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">具体为：若罪行轻于某无罪行为，则该行为无罪；若罪行重于某重罪行为，则该行为理当为重罪。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、化外人</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">（</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">年单选）</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">绝对要考，而且肯定是在单选中以案例形式出现，比如日本人打了朝鲜人用哪国法律处罚之类，牢牢记住！<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">哈哈，上面是去年的预测，果然猜中，出题方式和我预测的一摸一样：）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">关于外国人在中国犯罪的规定。也是类似现代国际私法之准据法的规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">同国籍者互相侵犯，适用其本国法；不同国籍者互相侵犯，适用唐律。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">七、宋刑统与编敕</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">宋代律典名称。编敕为皇帝的诏令的汇编，是宋朝主要立法方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">八、契约与婚姻法规</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">太复杂了，不用管了，听天由命吧：）（</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">03</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">年考过宋代继承制度</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">九、四等人</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">元朝这个东西想必以前学历史时就记得了吧：）蒙古人、色目人、汉人、南人，关键恐怕在于同罪异罚了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十、明清律与明大诰</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">明清律的不同在于它们采用的是七篇的体例，记住这个就行了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">大诰是朱元璋的命令汇编、及案例汇编，以惩治贪官为主，以重刑著称。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十一、律例关系</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b></font><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（应该会在多选中出现，看看书上的表述吧）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 5.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: .5"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">因律文制定后便不再修改，为适应发展的社会关系，就使用汇编条例（颇多为实际案例）的方法来对律进行实质的修改。一方面对法律起到推动发展的作用，另一方面，可能因滥用而导致司法腐败。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十二、会典</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">相当于唐宋的令，是国家典章制度的汇编，包括机构的设置及职能等，看作行政法也未尝不可。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十三、罪名与刑罚</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 80.25pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、折杖法</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">宋代折抵五刑的一种方法。记住朝代就好了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、刺配</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">看过水浒吧，宋江之流的就是被处以刺配的，这个映象深了吧：）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、凌迟</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">千刀万剐，非常残忍，记住是起源于五代时期，也可能是辽朝，宋成为正刑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、充军</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">明朝的刑罚，云南人很多都是当年被充军过来的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、奸党罪</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">禁止结党营私，明清都有规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十四、立法思想与刑罚原则（</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">从重从新</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">重其所重轻其所轻）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">今年新增了一个考点，是明刑弼教，弼是辅助之义，故明刑弼教是指，一方面要实行法治，一方面要以教化来预防。二者之间，虽然从字面而言是以刑辅教，实则二者并重。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="">该考点重点记忆，并与前面的立法思想明德慎罚、德主刑辅相联系掌握。记住分别是哪个朝代的思想，其核心含义如何。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: red"> </span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">至于刑罚原则，所谓重其所重轻其所轻是和唐律比较而言的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">十五、司法制度</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></b></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">、大理寺</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&amp;nbsp;</span></font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">刑部</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&amp;nbsp; </font></span></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman??="" new="" ?times="" roman?;="" times="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="">御史台与都察院</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; 